This diagram illustrates a typical replacement of four paths on a torus, of winding number $\pm 1$, by two paths with opposite winding numbers, defining the columns of the matrix. For general $2 \times m$ arrays one can replace single intersection points, four intersection points (as drawn here), and so on. Since the twisting of curves must avoid further intersections, there is a very limited number of moves and it is fairly easy to construct a diagram from a given array. Torus dessins (ribbon graphs) from secondary polytopes! Grothendieck would love it.
15 years ago


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